STRATEGI KEPEMILIKAN PERUSAHAAN MULTINASIONAL BRICS: APAKAH JARAK GEOGRAFIS, UKURAN PASAR, & KUALITAS REGULASI PENTING?
Abstract
ABSTRAK
Meskipun di masa lalu kegiatan M&A lintas batas lebih banyak dilakukan oleh negara-negara maju melalui DMNE, meningkatnya dominasi ekonomi negara-negara BRICS menjadikan EMNE dari negara-negara tersebut sebagai pemain penting dalam kegiatan M&A lintas batas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyelidiki M&A lintas batas yang dilakukan oleh EMNE dari lima negara BRICS di 55 negara berkembang di 4 benua (Asia, Afrika, Eropa, dan Amerika Latin) dari tahun 2002 hingga 2019. Pendekatan ekonometrik digunakan untuk analisis empiris peran jarak geografis, ukuran pasar tuan rumah, dan kualitas regulasi pada M&A lintas batas yang dilakukan oleh EMNE. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ukuran pasar tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap tingkat kepemilikan EMNE dalam M&A lintas batas. Namun, jarak geografis dan kualitas regulasi secara signifikan mempengaruhi tingkat kepemilikan EMNE dalam M&A lintas batas. Semakin besar jarak geografis dan semakin ketat kualitas regulasinya, semakin tinggi pula tingkat kepemilikan EMNE dalam M&A lintas batas. Studi ini berkontribusi pada literatur M&A lintas batas, khususnya mengenai kepemilikan EMNE di negara-negara berkembang. Hal ini juga menawarkan beberapa implikasi praktis mengenai pokok bahasannya.
Kata Kunci: M&A Lintas Batas, Jarak Geografis, Ukuran Pasar, Kualitas Regulasi
ABSTRACT
While in the past the cross–border M&A activities were conducted mainly by developed countries through DMNEs, the rising dominance of BRICS countries has made these countries important players in global cross–border M&A activities. This study aimed to investigate the cross-border M&As conducted by EMNEs from five BRICS countries in 55 developing countries in 4 continents (Asia, Africa, Europe, and Latin America) from 2002 to 2019. An econometric approach was used for the empirical analysis of the role of geographical distance, host market size, and regulatory quality on the cross-border M&As performed by EMNEs. The results showed that market size does not significantly affect the degree of ownership of EMNEs in cross-border M&As. However, the geographical distance and regulatory quality significantly affect the degree of ownership of EMNEs in cross-border M&As. The larger the geographical distance and the stricter its regulatory quality, the higher the degree of EMNEs ownership in cross-border M&As. This study contributes to the cross–border M&A literature, especially on the ownership of EMNEs in developing countries. It also offers several practical implications about the subject matter.
Keywords: Cross-border M&As, Geographic Distance, Market Size, Regulatory Quality
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.35906/jep.v9i2.1808
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