RELEVANSI KURVA PHILLIPS DALAM MENJELASKAN HUBUNGAN INFLASI DAN PENGANGGURAN DI INDONESIA PERIODE 2014–2024

Rudy Arfah, Bahruddin Bahruddin, Andi Nurhaeda

Abstract


ABSTRAK


Inflasi dan tingkat pengangguran merupakan indikator penting yang sering digunakan untuk menilai kondisi dan stabilitas perekonomian suatu negara. Dalam teori ekonomi makro, Kurva Phillips menggambarkan adanya hubungan yang berlawanan arah antara kedua variabel tersebut, yaitu peningkatan inflasi umumnya diikuti oleh penurunan tingkat pengangguran, begitu pula sebaliknya. Meskipun demikian, penerapan teori tersebut pada perekonomian Indonesia menunjukkan hasil yang tidak selalu sejalan dengan konsep teoritis. Berbagai faktor, seperti krisis ekonomi global, pandemi COVID-19, kebijakan moneter yang berubah, serta karakteristik struktural pasar tenaga kerja, diduga memengaruhi pola hubungan antara inflasi dan pengangguran. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji keterkaitan antara tingkat inflasi dan tingkat pengangguran di Indonesia dengan menggunakan perspektif Kurva Phillips. Penelitian menerapkan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan memanfaatkan data sekunder berbentuk deret waktu (time series) selama periode 2014–2024 yang bersumber dari Badan Pusat Statistik dan Bank Indonesia. Hubungan antarvariabel dianalisis menggunakan metode regresi linier sederhana untuk mengetahui arah serta besarnya pengaruh inflasi terhadap tingkat pengangguran. Hasil analisis mengindikasikan bahwa hubungan antara inflasi dan pengangguran cenderung negatif sebagaimana dijelaskan dalam teori Kurva Phillips, namun kekuatan hubungan tersebut relatif rendah dan tidak konsisten pada seluruh periode penelitian. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa dinamika inflasi dan pengangguran di Indonesia dipengaruhi pula oleh berbagai faktor ekonomi lainnya. Oleh sebab itu, perumusan kebijakan makroekonomi perlu dilakukan secara komprehensif melalui sinergi kebijakan fiskal dan moneter, pengendalian inflasi, peningkatan kesempatan kerja, serta penguatan produktivitas tenaga kerja guna mewujudkan pertumbuhan ekonomi yang berkelanjutan.


ABSTRACT


Inflation and unemployment are important indicators often used to assess the condition and stability of a country's economy. In macroeconomic theory, the Phillips Curve describes an inverse relationship between the two variables: an increase in inflation is generally followed by a decrease in the unemployment rate, and vice versa. However, the application of this theory to the Indonesian economy has shown results that do not always align with the theoretical concept. Various factors, such as the global economic crisis, the COVID-19 pandemic, changes in monetary policy, and the structural characteristics of the labor market, are thought to influence the relationship between inflation and unemployment. This study aims to examine the relationship between inflation and unemployment in Indonesia using the Phillips Curve perspective. The study applies a quantitative approach using secondary time series data from the Central Bureau of Statistics and Bank Indonesia for the 2014–2024 period. The relationship between variables is analyzed using simple linear regression to determine the direction and magnitude of inflation's influence on the unemployment rate. The analysis indicates that the relationship between inflation and unemployment tends to be negative, as explained in the Phillips Curve theory. However, the strength of this relationship is relatively weak and inconsistent across the study period. These findings indicate that the dynamics of inflation and unemployment in Indonesia are also influenced by various other economic factors. Therefore, macroeconomic policy formulation needs to be carried out comprehensively through synergy between fiscal and monetary policies, inflation control, increasing employment opportunities, and strengthening labor productivity to achieve sustainable economic growth.


References


Adimas, I., Saputra, G., & Subroto, W. T. (2024). Decoding Inflation and Unemployment : Exploring the Phillips Curve ’ s Insights on Short-Term and Long-Term Economic Dynamics. 4, 228–241.

Alam, S., Ansari, Y., Sha, N., & Khan, K. (2024). The influence of unemployment and labor force participation rates on economic development in GCC countries : A cointegration approach. 8(2), 1–20.

Aqilah, N., Bisuk, G., Simanjuntak, N., & Ardhana, S. (2025). Analysis of the Relationship Between Inflation and Unemployment in Indonesia through the Modern Phillips Curve Approach Analisis Hubungan antara Inflasi dan Pengangguran di Indonesia Melalui Pendekatan Kurva Phillips Modern. 4(6), 1595–1606.

Asrofi, N., Fadlih, M. D., & Setiyawan, D. (2025). Analisis Tradeoff antara Inflasi dan Pengangguran di Indonesia : Pendekatan Kurva Phillips. 19.

Aurellia, N. A., & Sirait, T. (2026). Economic growth , unemployment , poverty , and income inequality in Indonesia : Evidence from a simultaneous panel data approach. 13(1), 219–231.

Baciu, S. (2025). Managing Inflation and its Effects on the Economy. 662–671. https://doi.org/10.24818/mer/2025.03-10

Çelikay, F. (2026). Social spending and chronic unemployment : evidence from OECD countries. June. https://doi.org/10.1108/REPS-02-2022-0020

Consumption, H., & Power, P. (2025). Examining The Effects of Inflation on The Purchasing Power of Basic Goods : A Case Study of. 2(2), 306–317.

Dasgupta, M., & Sunny, M. (2024). How Has Inflation From 2010 To 2024 Differentially Impacted the Purchasing Power of Essential Goods and Services Among Lower- Income Rural Versus Urban Households in India ? 7(3), 1–13.

Hassan, N. A., & Ahmed, Y. A. (2025). Measuring and Analyzing the Interchangeable Relationship between Inflation and Unemployment in Iraq : Phillips Curve. 107–119.

Juli, V. N., Citoro, M. M. O., Utama, J. B., Tim, J. M., Aren, K. P., & Selatan, K. T. (2024). Studi Kebijakan Pemerintah Terkait Penanganan Inflasi Dan Tingkat Pengangguran. 1(4).

Lukminarti, E., Nurdin, N. P., Nova, M., & Rizqi, A. (2025). Pengaruh Ekonomi Makro SBI , EXR , M2 , GDP dan OIL terhadap Inflasi di Indonesia Tahun 2020 – 2024. 23(2).

Mohammad, E., Yousef, A., Company, P. D., Lag, A. D., & Sciences, E. (2023). The Impact of Fiscal Policy Tools on Unemployment Rates in Jordan : Autoregressive Distributed يتاذلا رادحنلاا ةيجهنم : ندرلأا يف ةلاطبلا تلادعم ىلع ةيلالما ةسايسلا تاودأ رثأ ةعزولما تاءاطبلإل. 10(1), 1–15.

Morley, J., Rodríguez-palenzuela, D., Sun, Y., & Wong, B. (2023). Estimating the euro area output gap using multivariate information and addressing the COVID-19 pandemic ✩. European Economic Review, 153(August 2022), 104385. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroecorev.2023.104385

Nasrullah, M. J. (2023). Macroeconomic Stability and Optimal Policy Mix. 5(3), 725–745.

Novita, H., Sitorus, S., Samora, R., Azzhara, F., & Syahputra, F. (2024). Peran Kebijakan Moneter Dalam Mengendalikan Inflasi di Indonesia. 2(1), 44–47.

Pieloch, A., Anna, B., & Magdalena, M. (2021). An impact of macroeconomic stabilization on the sustainable development of manufacturing enterprises : the case of Central and Eastern European Countries. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 23(6), 8669–8698. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-020-00988-4

Priyatna, H. N., & Suryadi, I. (2025). Facing Global Inflation : Economic Strategies to Strengthen People ’ s Purchasing Power. 3(1), 73–81.

Sule, S. A., Hakim, L., Putro, T. R., & Pamungkas, P. (2024). The Impact of Inflation on the Business Cycle and Economic Growth : An Empirical Analysis. 6(December), 613–625.

Sun, X. (2024). The Impact of COVID-19 Shocks on the U . S . Unemployment Rate. 0(December 2021). https://doi.org/10.54254/2754-1169/121/20242532

Zhang, R., & Zhou, Z. (2025). The Effect of Inflation on Economic Growth. 0, 31–35. https://doi.org/10.54254/2754-1169/148/2024.LD19195




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.35906/jep.v12i1.2930

Article Metrics

Abstract view : 124 times
PDF (Bahasa Indonesia) - 51 times